Fringe machine



R. s. M EAFFR Y, JR

FRINGE MACHINE 1'7 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Jan. 23, 1947 ATTORNEYS.

R. S. M CAFFRAY, JR

FRINGE MACHINE Oct. 18, 1949.

Filed Jan. 23, 1947 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

0d. 18, 1949. R. s. M cAFFRAY, JR 2,435,396

1 FRINGE MAcHmE 1'7 Shts-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 23, 1947 INVENTOR.

BY 7 I ATTORN EYS.

R. s. M cAFFRAY, JR 22785396 FRINGE MACHINE l7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fild Jan. 23, 1947 lNVENTOR.

4 ATTORN EY.

Oct. 18, 1949. R. s. M CAFFRAY, JR 2,485,396

FRINGE MACHINE BY w .Q

Q ATTORNEYS.

R. s. M CAFFRAY, JR

came, 1949,

FRINGE MACHINE Filed Jan, 25, 1947 17 Sheets-Sheet 7 I \INVEVNTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

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acCAFFRAY, JR

FRINGE MACHINE 1'7 Sheets-Sh 8 Filed Jan. 25. 1947 ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 18, 1949. s. MacCAFFRA Y, JR 2,485,396

FRINGE MACHINE Filed Jan; 23, 1947 17 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 18, 1949. R. S. MacCAFFRAY, JR 2,485,396

' FRINGE MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, 1947. 17 Sheets-Sheet 1o INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 18, 1949. R. S. MacCAFFRAY, JR 2,485,396

FRINGE MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1947 17 Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR.

Oct. 18, 1949. R. s. M CAFFRAY, JR

FRINGE MACHINE 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed Jan. 23, 1947 9 and INVENTOR.

Oct. 18, 1949. R. s. MacCAFFRAY, JR 2,485,396

FRINGE MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1947 17 Sheets-Sheet 13 ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 18, 1949.

R. S. M CAFFRAY, JR

FRINGE MACHINE 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 14 Filed Jan. 23, 1947 vi n wv w 1. x

INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 18, 1949. R. s. Ma cAFFRAY, JR

FRINGE MACHINE 17 Sheefs-Sheet 15 Filed Jan. 23, 194'? INVENTQR.

' AT'I 'ORNEY Oct. 18, 1949. R. S. MaccAFFRA-Y, JR 2,485,396

FRINGE MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, 1947 17 Sheets-Sheet l6 ly- I INVENTOR.

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A'F'TCRNEYS.

Oct. 18, 1949. R, s, aC JR 2,485,396

I FRINGE MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, 1947 17 Sheets-Sheet 1'1 INVENTOR. 9%

ATTORNEYS.

Patented Oct. 18, 1949 FRINGE MACHINE Rex Stuart MacCafi'ray, Jr., Boiling Springs, Pa., assignor to C. H. Masland & Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application January 23, 1947, Serial No. 723,778

13 Claims.

My invention relates to machines for making frin e.

The present invention relates to species, invented by me, of a broad invention of Charles H. Masland, 2nd, Serial No. 723,756, filed June 23, 1947, for Fringe machine, process and product.

A purpose of my invention is to form fringe, using hook needles and cooperating rolls, by moving yarn back and forth, hooking needles behind the yarn near the ends of its travel and thereby forming loops, feeding tape having adhesive on the side toward the yarn between the rolls transverse to the roll axes and to the loops, pulling the loops held by the hook needles into the rolls and thereby securing the loops by the adhesive to the tape.

A further purpose is to swing the needles about pivots to engage the hooks behind the yarn and to advance the hooks on the needles beyond the roll axes at the ends of the rolls and thereby pull the loops into the nip of the rolls and secure the loops by the adhesive to the tape.

A further purpose is to swing the hooks forward at the ends of the rolls alternatively in coordination with the reciprocation of the yarn.

A further purpose is to employ a plurality of yarns, which may be alternatively looped over the same set of hook needles or over a plurality of sets of hook needles, so that the loops may follow the same path or different paths.

A further purpose is to mount the yarn carrier on a carriage and to pivot needle carriers adjacent opposite ends of the stroke of the yarn carrier on the carriage.

A further purpose is to locate cams preferably of opposite L-form on the carriage on opposite sides of the yarn carrier, and to swing the needle carriers by followers thereon which engage in the cams.

A further purpose is to employ multiple needles on each needle carrier and, in the retracted position, to move one needle so that it overlies a particular yarn and can subsequently move forward without danger of hooking behind that yarn.

A further purpose is to employ multiple needles which reach different ultimate positions at the side and therefore form loops of different lengths.

A further purpose is to set adhesive fixing loops of yarn to tape to form a fringe, by progressing the fringe around a drum between the drum surface and a pressure belt following the drum surface.

A further purpose is to drive a double set of upper and lower rolls, over which pressure belts extend, by directly driving one lower roll, interconnecting this to the mating upper roll at one end, driving the other upper roll from the first upper roll, and driving the other lower roll from the other upper roll at the opposite end, the upper rolls floating in bearings, and the drive continuing notwithstanding variation in the spacing under spring action during the floating.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate a few only of the embodiments in which my invention appears, choosing forms convenient in illustration, satisfactory in operation and clear in demonstration of the principles involved.

Figures 1 to 12 inclusive are fragmentary diagrammatic top plan views showing the progressive steps of forming the loops and cementing them on the tape to make a fringe.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary perspective showing a loop passing into the nip of the rolls.

Figure 14 is a fragmentary perspective corresponding to Figure 13, but showing additional structure, and with the fringe advanced by one loop portion with respect to Figure 13.

Figures 15 to 18 inclusive illustrate in more complete detail one machine to manufacture the fringe.

Figure 15 is a fragmentary top plan view of the improved machine.

Figure 16 is a side elevation corresponding to a view from the left in Figure 15.

Figure 17 is a front elevation of Figure 15.

Figure 18 is an enlarged section on the line [8-18 of Figure 15.

Figure 19 is a diagrammatic view corresponding in position to Figure 16, and illustrating the paths of the tape, the pressure belt and related elements.

Figures 20 to 26 inclusive are views corresponding in positon to Figure 11, and showing variations in the needles, yarn carrier, and yarns.

Figures 27 to 31 inclusive illustrate variations in the character of the fringe itself, as shown in fragmentary top plan views of the fringe as formed, or bottom plan views of the fringe as applied to the rug.

Figure 32 is a fragmentary top plan view showing a single row of fringe applied to a backing in forming a rug, in accordance with the invention of Charles H. Masland, 2nd.

Figure 33 is a partially diagrammatic fragmentary top plan view of a rug employing the fringe of the invention.

Figure 34 is a bottom plan view of a fragment of a square cornered rug employing the fringe of the invention.

Figure 35 is a fragmentary bottom plan view of a round cornered rug employing the fringe of the invention.

Figure 36 is a fragmentary top plan View of a fringe according to the invention applied as a border around. a rug having a face of another character.

Figures 37 to 39 inclusive are diagrammatic views according to Figure 32, showing various fringes made according to the invention applied as facings.

In the drawings like numerals refer to like parts.

Describing in illustration but not in limitation and referring to the drawings:

The present invention is directed to making of fringe, particularly of the type that is sewed, or otherwise secured, on fabric or the like in rows or according to some design to form the effective face of a rug, such as a bath mat, scatter rug or the like. The fringe may also be employed as a border, edging or other feature on a rug having a face made in some other manner.

In the prior art the common practice in weaving fringe has been to weave a wide fabric having intervals in the warps, and then cut the fabric into two or more fringes, or to weave on a ribbon loom with the heading as the warp, and the loops as filling. These prior art practices are subject to the disadvantage of comparatively low production rate and correspondingly high cost, making it fromajcost standpoint somewhat impractical to use meet as the entire face of the fabric.

By the present invention the production of fringe has been simplified and cheapened, and new effects have been made possible at moderate costs.

In accordance with the invention, yarn is looped back and forth, desirably into a sinuous contour by hook needles, it is then brought in contact with and preferably pressed into contact with the tape having an adhesive face and suitably running transverse to the loops, desirably near their middle, but permissibly offset to one side (Fig- Y ure 28). The pressing of the yarn against the adhesive of the tape is conveniently carried on by rolls, suitably covered by pressure belts. Once the initial pressure contact between the yarn and the tape is made, supplemental and extended pressure is desirably also secured to allow the adhesive to set and further initially bond to the tape. This is conveniently accomplished by a further pressure belt against a drum.

In accordance with the invention, a plurality of sets of hook needles may be employed, and whether a single set or a plurality of sets be used, a plurality of yarns of the same or different characters will desirably be used. For example, one yarn may be of natural fiber such as cotton or wool and another yarn may be of synthetic fiber such as rayon or nylon. Likewise the yarns may differ in twist, ply, denier or other structural feature, one being for example a plain twist and another a frieze. Likewise one yarn may be of two ply and another may be of three ply of the same or different composition. When a plurality of ends are used they may form diiferent sinuous istics. This also gives better coverage for a given bend loops, one following another, or a plurality of yarns may be formed into the same loop contour, having the same loop center line, but permissibly one loop being wider than another, so that all yarns can contact the tape.

Where a plurality of yarns are employed, it is also quite desirable in many instances to make loops of different lengths, for example, a short loop in one yarn and a long loop in another yarn,

or a short loop in one yarn, an intermediate loop in another yarn, and a long loop in a third yarn. In the finished fabric the combination of short and long loops produces a mottled effect which is very pleasing, particularly as the tendency of the loops to curl or twist varies with the loop length and it is possible to obtain a combination of loops showing variant curling or twisting characterweight of yarn per square foot of fabric.

In Figures 1 to 12 inclusive I illustrate the formation of loops by hook needles in accordance with my invention, and the application of the loops against the adhesive on the tape.

In order to avoid unnecessary drawing, it will be understood that since the process can be car-- ried out by hand, the needle and roll positions may also represent the positions of fingers on the human hands of one or several persons.

A lower one of a pair of cooperating rolls 4D is illustrated for placement purposes in these figures, the corresponding upper roll 43 having been removed for convenience in illustration of the formation of the loops. Yarn carrier M moves back and forth in front of the rolls between a reciprocating limiting position to the left as best seen in Figure l and a reciprocating limiting position to the right as best seen in Figure 8. The length of this reciprocating path can be varied to suit the lengths of the loops, but it will be evident that the yarn carrier moves back and forth once to complete each return bend loop. The yarn carrier 44 has one or preferably a plurality of yarn guiding openings 45 and 46 through which yarns 41 and 48 are guided. While in this illustration a single yarn is shown passing through each yarn guiding opening 45 and 46, it will be evident as later explained that a plurality of yarns may pass through each yarn guiding opening. It will also be understood that the number of yarns 4'! and 48 is not limited, and while two are shown in this form, a single yarn may be used or a plurality greater than two may be employed. The yarns 41 and 48 come from any suitable source, not shown in these figures, under suitable drag or tension.

At the opposite ends of the stroke of the yarn carrier 44, the yarns are engaged by holding means to assist in forming the loops. These are preferably needles 49 and 50 on one side and 53 and 54 on the other side, which in this form have hook ends 55 capable of engaging behind the yarns. The needles are respectively mounted on needle carriers 56 and 51, which are respectively pivoted on fixed pivots 53 and 55 about which the needles and the carriers swing. The needles are suitably provided with shanks 50 having elongated eyes 63 which are locked in angularly and longitudinally adjusted position by nuts 64.

The manipulation of the needle carriers about their pivots is desirably accomplished by cams, which conveniently reciprocate with the yarn carrier. The needle carrier 56 is operated by cam 65 through follower 66 of the needle carrier, while the needle carrier 5'! is operated by cam 61 through follower 68 on the needle carrier. The cams are oppositely directed and have straight portions 69 which extend in the direction of the reciprocating path and l..-bend portions m which adjoin the yarn carrier on either side thereof. Thus as long as the follower 55 or 58 is engaging a cam straight portion 69, the corresponding needle carrier will remain in an unchanged loop holding position, but whenever the follower travels in the L-path 15, the needles will swing into or out of yarn loops.

Tape 13 is fed across the bottom roll 40 with an adhesive face 14 uppermost. The tape moves transversely to the roll axis, as best seen in Figures l0, l1 and 12 and preferably is positioned at about the middle of the reciprocating path of the yarn carrier, and of the roll.

As shown in Figure 1, the yarn carrier and cams are there irl the limiting position to the iota The follower 6c of the right; hand yarn carrier 51 errgages the straight portion s! or the ri hthand cam fiJ'iilniiaifiiff the-right liafid needles 53 and 5i in their Ioop hoidih position. Assessin that the mechanism is starting up, as showh in Figure 1, hoioops win be formed over mess needles,- but as later shown is ii, if" the frihge machine beenoperating for some time, will be lild by the needles in this position. v v

The follower N of needle carrier as is in its limiting osit-ion in the wpofiimn or the left hand can; 65, maintaining the hook ends 55 of needles 4'! and 5d position iixifiiediatly prior to engagement behind the yarn; It will be seen that the hook end of eed'ie 49 actually rests up on the yarn 48 at '15, preventing engagement of the hook behind this yarn, and permitting a forward movementof the hook 49' without ehg'age ment behind the yarn. Since the hook end of iidl 49 never reeves" further rearward, it neve is ifi danger of improperiy hooking Behind arn 4a.

l'setweeh Figures '1 andz yarn carrie and cam begin the movement to the right, the follower 66 beginning its forward trave1 the L o-am ortion iii or theeam 65, and the hook p rtions esor needles 4s and 5c engage under the respective yarns 41 and 45 at in? and 11. This is the first step ofloopformation.

In Figure 2 the needles 5'3 a 5-4 remain o changed in position sifio fih' roliqwer BB is still engaging the straight portion 611 at the right. This position or the ieemes 53 and s4 continues until the posit on or igure 1.

iy the position or Figure 3, the yaffi carrier and earns have iiioved further to the right, the fOlf lower 66 in Seat the left removed forward in L- o'rtion iii of the -c"arrr, and the hodk ends 55 of the needles 4's and 50 engaged behind the yarn continued forward movement, the yarns feeding out of the guiding" openings 4'5 and 45 to form loop portions 18 and 19 which are beginnin to bend and have attained approximately a right angle bend in Figure '3. V t k Between Figures 3 and 4, the follower 66 on needle carrier '56 moved further forward and is ab ut to leave L=eainportion of L-eam 65, due to the furt er travel of the yarn carrier and earns to the right.

The 11061; portions 5?; of needles :9 and so have moved considerably 'forward and also to the left With lengthening oi loop portio s 18 and is r yarns- 4i and at. The loop portio s 1a and 1'9 have now begun a reverse bend wifh respect to loop portions 80 and 83, p

Eetvv'een Figures 4 and E3, the carrier and earns have m ved further to the right and t e ro1= lower '66 or the left hand heedie earner sn has engaged the straight portion a! or can 65, wow ih'gj the hook portions 55 and needles as and S6 to t e iirhit or their forward and left hand stroke. As the yarn carrier has moved to the right, the loop portions 1's and 19 have further lengthened, and the "reverse bends around the Bookends have become very profiouheed. he ioops 1i and is hat hegun to engage the hip or the roiie afi iii i Between the positions of Figures 5 ands, both sets or heedies remain in unchanged position, but the yarn earner continues its ii'io'v'fhent to the ri ht and lengfl1ens' the loop portions 18 and 19.

A Between the positions or Figures is and 'i, further travel or the yarn carrier a d came to the right continues, and t e pan of the yarn carrier on the loop ortions 15 and '1! held by the hook v: he

ends of needles 49 and 50 has drawn the yarn portions engaging at 84' and 85 further into the nip of the rolls until they touch between the rolls against the previous yarn at 86.

The position of needles 49 and 50 does not change, but right hand needles 53 and 54 begin their r'etrafifiive stroke as follower 68 moves down the L poriiion 10 of the right hand cam 61. After the position of Figure 6, the left hand needles 49 and 50 do not move again until the position of Fi ure 10.'

Between Figures '7 and 8, the yarn carrier and earns complete their right hand stroke, being shown in Figure 8 in the right hand limiting position corresponding to the left hand limiting position of Figure 1, with the; hook portion 55 of needle 53 resting upon yarn 48 at 15 read to begin the forward stroke. The follower 68 is now fully retracted in the L-portion 10 of cam 61.

Between Figures 8 and 9, the yarn carrier and earns move to the right, the right hand needles completing their forward and right hand stroke through travel corresponding to that shown in Figures 1 to 5 inclusive for the left hand needles.

' The result is that loop portions 18 and 19; engaged b'l'iind hook portions 55 of needles 53 and 54, have been pulled fully up into the nip of the rolls so that, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, they press forweirdly against the previous yarn loop portions 80' and 83 and are held at the left by needles 49 and 50 and at the right by needles 53 and 54. In lih' meantime, new 1009 portions 81 and 88 have been formed as the yarn carrier moves toward the left again.

in Figure 10, it is convenient to show the tape 13, which of course has been present in the earlier steps, but has been omitted in Figures 1 to 9 inblusive to simplif the showing. The tape extends between the rolls transversely of their axes and the adhesive face 14 is directed toward the yarn. The most conveni nt wa to accomplish this is to pass the tape below the yarn, as shown in Figure 10, with the adhesive face directed upwardly. While the tape may be of any pressure sensitive adhesive ta e character, it will preferably be coated with 'a wet or tacky adhesive, as later described. This tape will preferably be of cotton, rayon, nylon, jute or other textile, but it may be of sheet such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate bu'tyrate, rubber, synthetic rubber (Buna S, Buna N, chloroprene), or the like.

As lghe yarn loop sections are pulled up into the nip of the rolls, they are pressed by the rolls or by the rolls supplemented by a pressure belt 89, as later described, against the adhe- 's'ive 14 on the tape 13, so that the loops are firm- 1y engaged against the tape at 90. Between the positions of Figures 9 and 10, the yarn carrier andcams have moved further to the left, the right hand needles 53 and 54 reraining their positions unchanged, but the left handneed-les 49 and 53 beginning their retrac tiv stroke to release the loops at 93 and 94, due to the fact that follower 66 of cam has begun to enter the L cam portion in. Due to the furthr travel of the yarn carrier to the left, loop portions 81 and 88 have lengthened and have moved further into the nip of the rolls.

Between thepositions of Figures 10 and 11, the yarn carrier and cams have moved to the limiting left hand position corresponding to Figure 1, and thus completing the full cycle. The osition of the right hand needles 53 and 54 is unchanged, but the loop portions 81 and 88 have further lengthened and the hook end 55 of nee- 

